M&E Indicators
Immunization Indicators
Use these indicators to monitor routine immunization coverage, service continuity, equity, and cold chain readiness.
Back to M&E hub ยท Last reviewed: June 3, 2026
Core Indicators
| Indicator | Numerator | Denominator | Use |
|---|
| Penta3 coverage | Children receiving third pentavalent dose | Eligible children in target population | Measures completion of a key infant vaccination series. |
| Dropout rate | Penta1 recipients minus Penta3 recipients | Penta1 recipients | Shows continuity problems between first and third doses. |
| Zero-dose children | Children with no routine vaccine dose | Children in target age group | Identifies missed communities and access gaps. |
| Cold chain functionality | Facilities with functional cold chain equipment | Facilities assessed | Tracks readiness to store vaccines safely. |
Interpretation Notes
Coverage above 100% often signals denominator problems, duplicate counting, migration, or vaccination of children outside the catchment area. Dropout should be reviewed by facility and geography to identify access barriers, stockouts, caregiver hesitancy, or missed follow-up opportunities.
Data Quality Checks
Compare sources: Match tally sheets, registers, monthly reports, and dashboard totals.
Review denominators: Check target population estimates against recent census, microplanning, and local birth estimates.
Disaggregate: Review by facility, district, age group, sex, and hard-to-reach area.